Endocrine System MCQs
Are you preparing for government recruitment exams, medical entrance tests, or simply looking to test your biology knowledge? This comprehensive Endocrine System Quiz is designed exactly for that.
The human endocrine system is a complex network of glands and hormones that regulate almost every function in our body—from growth and metabolism to sleep and mood. In this post, we have compiled over 60 highly important Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) covering essential topics like the Pituitary gland (Master Gland), Thyroid, Adrenal glands, and various hormone functions.
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Q. 1: Where found are islets of langerhans ?
A) Brian
B) intestine
C) Pancreas
D) Liver
EXPLANATION: Islets of langerhans are found in pancreas.
Q. 2: Which of the following option correct about Nor-adrenaline hormones ?
A) Stimulate sympathetic nervous system
B) Induces pupil dilation
C) Increase BMR and Heart reat
D) Stimulate parasympathetic nervous system
EXPLANATION: The functions of Nor-adrenaline hormones are stimulate parasympathetic nervous system, Induces pupil miosis, decrease BMR and heart reat for creating peaceful environment into body.
Q. 3: What is the location of thymus gland ?
A) Brian
B) Chest
C) Abdomen
D) Liver
EXPLANATION: The thymus gland located to upper part of the chest, just beneath the sternum.
Q. 4: Which of the following option correct about Thymus gland ?
A) Part of immune system
B) T-lymphocytes maturation
C) Sercete thymosin hormone
D) All of these
EXPLANATION: All of these options correct about Thymus gland.
Q. 5: What is the location of pineal gland ?
A) Brian
B) Chest
C) Abdomen
D) Liver
EXPLANATION: The pineal gland located into cerebral hemisphere of the brain.
Q. 6: Which of the following option correct about Pineal gland ?
A) White, flat, ectodermal gland
B) Secretes Melatonin Hormone
C) Regulat body internal clock
D) All of these
EXPLANATION: All of these options correct about pineal gland.
Q. 7: Which of the following option incorrect about Parathyroid gland and its hormone ?
A) Four pea sized, behind into thyroid
B) Increase blood calcium level
C) Increase blood phosphate level
D) Secrets parathyroid hormone
EXPLANATION: The function of the parathyroid hormone is also decrease blood phosphate level.
Q. 8: Which of the following option correct about insulin ?
A) Hypoglycemic hormone
B) Induces glucose uptake to cells
C) Induces Glycogen synthesis (Glycogenesis)
D) All of these
EXPLANATION: All of these options correct about insulin.
Q. 9: Which of the following option incorrect about glucagon ?
A) Hypoglycemic hormone
B) Induces glycogenolysis, lipolysis
C) Secreted during emergency, exercises
D) Secreted from alpha cells of pancreas
EXPLANATION: Glucagon is hyperglycemic hormone.
Q. 10: Which of the following option is correct about stomach's hormone ?
A) Gastrin: Induces HCL secretion
B) Secretin: Induces H2O, HCO3- secretion from pancreas
C) GIP: Inhibit gastric secretion, motility
D) All of these
EXPLANATION: All of these options are correct about stomach's hormone.
Q. 11: Which of the following option is correct about kidney's hormone ?
A) Erythropoietin hormone
B) Induces erythropoiesis
C) Secreted from juxtaglomerular cells
D) All of these
EXPLANATION: All of these options are correct about kidney's hormone.
Q. 12: Which of the following option is correct about heart's hormone ?
A) Atrial natriuretic factor (ANF)
B) Decrease BP by dilation of blood vessels
C) Secreted from atrial wall
D) All of these
EXPLANATION: All of these options are correct about heart's hormone.
Q. 13: Which of the following option is correct about intestine's hormone ?
A) Cholecystokinin (pancreozymin) hormone
B) Act on pancreas, gallbladder
C) Both
D) None of these
EXPLANATION: Following both options are correct about intestine's hormone.
Q. 14: What is the main function of Mineralocorticoids (Aldosterone) ?
A) Induces reabsorption of Na+, Cl-, HCO3-
B) Induces excretion of K+, H+
C) Induces salt-water absorption in colon
D) All of these
EXPLANATION: The main function of Mineralocorticoids (Aldosterone) are induces reabsorption of Na+, Cl-, HCO3- and induces excretion of K+, H+ in kidneys and induces salt-water absorption in colon.
Q. 15: What is the main function of glucocorticoids (cortisol etc.) ?
A) Inhibits consumption of glucose
B) Breakdown proteins and fats
C) Decrease immune activity
D) All of these
EXPLANATION: All of these are the main function of glucocorticoids (cortisol etc).
Q. 16: Which of the following option incorrect about Addison's disease ?
A) Hyposecretion of adrenal cortex's H.
B) Dehydration of the body
C) Weakness of heart muscle, liver, brain
D) Increase BMR and body temperature
EXPLANATION: In Addison's disease; also decrease BMR and body temperature.
Q. 17: Which of the following option incorrect about hypersecretion of adrenal cortex's Hormones ?
A) Tissue wasting and diabetes
B) Increase alkalinity of blood
C) Edema and osteoporosis
D) Down's syndrome
EXPLANATION: Due to hypersecretion of adrenal cortex's hormones; also occur Cushing's syndrome (fat accumulation in the abdomen, chest and face).
Q. 18: Which of the following option correct about Adrenaline hormones ?
A) Stimulate sympathetic nervous system
B) Induces pupil dilation
C) Increase BMR and Heart reat
D) All of these
EXPLANATION: All of these option correct about Adrenaline hormones.
Q. 19: Which of the following option incorrect about adrenal gland ?
A) Cortex: Yellow color
B) Length 5cm, Width 3cm, Thickness 1cm
C) Medulla: Red-Brown color
D) Secret GIP Hormone
EXPLANATION: GIP Hormone secreted from stomach.
Q. 20: Which of the following option incorrect about parts of adrenal cortex ?
A) Zona Glomerulosa (15%)
B) Zona Fasciculata (50%)
C) Zona Reticularis (7%)
D) Adrenal cortex (30-35%)
EXPLANATION: Adrenal cortex is 70-75% part of total adrenal gland.
Q. 21: Which of the following option incorrect about hormones of adrenal cortex ?
A) Zona Glomerulosa: Mineralocorticoids
B) Zona Fasciculata: Glucoocorticoids
C) Zona Reticularis: Corticosterone
D) Zona Reticularis: Sex hormones
EXPLANATION: Sex hormones (Male sex hormones: Androgens, Female sex hormones: Estrogens) secreted by zona reticularis.
Q. 22: Adrenaline and nor-adrenaline hormones secreted by ?
A) Adrenal cortex
B) Zona Reticularis
C) Adrenal medulla
D) Zona Fasciculata
EXPLANATION: Adrenaline and nor-adrenaline hormones secreted by adrenal medulla.
Q. 23: Which of the following option correct about thyroid gland ?
A) Located at top of trachea
B) Length 5cm, Wide 3cm, Weight 25gm
C) Isthmus connects it's two lobes
D) All of these
EXPLANATION: All of these options are correct about thyroid gland.
Q. 24: Which of the following thyroid gland's hormone is non-iodinated ?
A) Tri-iodothyronine (T3)
B) Tetra-iodothyronine (T4)
C) Thyroxine
D) Thyrocalcitonin
EXPLANATION: Thyrocalcitonin is non-iodinated hormone.
Q. 25: How many amount of iodine found in human's body ?
A) About 0.1-1 mg
B) About 5-6 mg
C) About 5-6 µg
D) About 10-20 mg
EXPLANATION: The normal amount of iodine found in human's body about 5-6 mg and most of which is stored in the thyroid gland.
Q. 26: How many amount of iodine used per day to secrete normal amount of iodinated hormones through thyroid gland ?
A) About 0.1-1 mg
B) About 5-6 mg
C) About 150 µg
D) About 5 µg
EXPLANATION: About 150 µg (0.15mg) iodine used per day to secrete normal amount of iodinated hormones through thyroid gland.
Q. 27: What is called the low secretion of thyroxine hormones ?
A) Hyperthyroidism
B) Thyroidism
C) Hypothyroidism
D) Simple goiter
EXPLANATION: The low secretion of thyroxine hormones (T3, T4) is called hypothyroidism.
Q. 28: What is called the high secretion of thyroxine hormones ?
A) Hyperthyroidism
B) Thyroidism
C) Hypothyroidism
D) Simple goiter
EXPLANATION: The high secretion of thyroxine hormones (T3, T4) is called hyperthyroidism.
Q. 29: Which of the following option refer to incorrect function of thyroxine hormones (T3, T4) ?
A) Regulate BMR
B) Increase oxidative metabolism
C) Decrease ATP production
D) Increase number-size of mitochondria
EXPLANATION: Thyroxine hormones (T3, T4) is increase ATP production.
Q. 30: Which of the following diseases not occur caused by hyposecretion of thyroxine hormones (T3, T4) ?
A) Simple Goiter
B) Exopthalmic Goiter
C) Cretinism and Myxoedema
D) Hashimoto's disease
EXPLANATION: Exopthalmic goiter occur caused by hypersecretion of thyroxine hormones (T3, T4).
Q. 31: Which of the following diseases occur caused by hypersecretion of thyroxine hormones (T3, T4) ?
A) Simple Goiter
B) Exopthalmic Goiter, Plummer's disease
C) Cretinism and Myxoedema
D) Hashimoto's disease
EXPLANATION: Except exopthalmic goiter and plummer's disease; all diseases occur caused by hyposecretion of thyroxine hormones (T3, T4).
Q. 32: Which of the following option correct about thyrocalcitonin hormone ?
A) Secreted from stroma of T.G.
B) Protein hormone
C) Reduce Ca2+ from blood stream
D) All of these
EXPLANATION: All of these options are correct about thyrocalcitonin hormone.
Q. 33: Which of the following hormone induce bone formation and increase the excretion of Ca2+ in the urine ?
A) Thyrocalcitonin hormone
B) Parathyroid hormone
C) Tetra-iodothyronine (T4)
D) Tri-iodothyronine (T3)
EXPLANATION: Thyrocalcitonin hormone induce bone formation and increase the excretion of Ca2+ in the urine for reducing Ca2+ level into blood stream.
Q. 34: Which of the following hormone induce secretion of glucocorticoids from cortical part of the adrenal glands ?
A) STH / GH
B) MSH
C) FSH and LH
D) ACTH
EXPLANATION: ACTH (adrenocorticotropin hormone) is induce secretion of glucocorticoids from cortical part of the adrenal glands.
Q. 35: Which of the following hormone reponsible for darkness of the skin color ?
A) MTH
B) MSH
C) STH
D) TSH
EXPLANATION: Melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH) is reponsible for darkness of the skin color.
Q. 36: Which of the following hormone secreted from pars intermedia of pituitary gland ?
A) STH / GH and PRL / MTH
B) MSH
C) FSH and LH
D) ACTH and TSH
EXPLANATION: Except MSH; all are secreted from adenohypophysis (anterior pituitary).
Q. 37: Which of the following hormone release into blood from neurohypophysis of pituitary gland ?
A) STH / GH and PRL / MTH
B) OT and ADH
C) FSH and LH
D) ACTH and TSH
EXPLANATION: Oxytocin (OT) and Vasopressin (ADH) are release into blood from neurohypophysis of pituitary gland.
Q. 38: Which of the following function is not of somatotropin hormone ?
A) Induce synthesis of DNA/RNA, Protein
B) Induce body growth
C) Induce milk secretion
D) Induce cell-division
EXPLANATION: Prolactin induce to milk secretion.
Q. 39: Which of the following diseases become hypersecretion of growth hormone ?
A) PituItaly dwarfism / Ateliosis
B) Pituitary myxedema
C) Kyphosis
D) Hair loss and whiteness
EXPLANATION: Except Kyphosis; all diseases become caused by hyposecretion of somatotropin.
Q. 40: Which of the following diseases become hypersecretion of growth hormone ?
A) Proportionate Gigantism
B) Acromegaly and Ketosis
C) Gynecomastia
D) All of these
EXPLANATION: All of these become hypersecretion of growth hormone.
Q. 41: Due to low secretion of vasopressin ?
A) Urine become dilute
B) Blood become thin
C) Amount of urine decrease
D) Blood pressure increase
EXPLANATION: Due to low secretion of vasopressin urine become dilute, blood become thick and blood pressure decrease.
Q. 42: Due to excess secretion of vasopressin ?
A) Urine become dilute
B) Blood become thick
C) Amount of urine decrease
D) Blood pressure decrease
EXPLANATION: Due to excess secretion of vasopressin amount of urine decrease, blood become thin and blood pressure increase.
Q. 43: What is main function of ADH ?
A) Water reabsorption in kidney
B) Dehydration of body
C) Water reabsorption in intestine
D) Mineral reabsorption in kidney
EXPLANATION: The main function of vasopressin (ADH) to increase water reabsorption into the blood from the distal convoluted tubules and collecting ducts in the kidney.
Q. 44: Which of the following hormone is steroid type hormone ?
A) Prostaglandins
B) Thromboxanes
C) Progesterone
D) Leukotriens and Lipoxins
EXPLANATION: Except Progesterone; all are eicosanoids hormones.
Q. 45: Protein hormones made up of ?
A) Lipids (Derived by Cholesterol)
B) Peptides (3 to 200 amino acid)
C) Arachidonic/Polyunsaturated fatty acid
D) One or two amino acid
EXPLANATION: Protein hormones made up of peptides (3 to 200 amino acid).
Q. 46: Steroid hormones made up of ?
A) Lipids (Derived by Cholesterol)
B) Peptides (3 to 200 amino acid)
C) Arachidonic/Polyunsaturated fatty acid
D) One or two amino acid
EXPLANATION: Steroid hormones made up of lipids derived by cholesterol.
Q. 47: Which hormones derived from amino acid made up of ?
A) Lipids (Derived by Cholesterol)
B) Peptides (3 to 200 amino acid)
C) Arachidonic/Polyunsaturated fatty acid
D) One or two amino acid
EXPLANATION: Which hormones derived from amino acid made up of one or two amino acid.
Q. 48: Eicosanoids hormones made up of ?
A) Lipids (Derived by Cholesterol)
B) Peptides (3 to 200 amino acid)
C) Arachidonic/Polyunsaturated fatty acid
D) One or two amino acid
EXPLANATION: Eicosanoids hormones made up of arachidonic acid or polyunsaturated fatty acid.
Q. 49: Hypothalamus is connected to the anterior pituitary by ?
A) Hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal veins
B) Nerve cell's axon
C) Both
D) None of these
EXPLANATION: Hypothalamus is connected to the anterior pituitary by blood vessels (Hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal veins).
Q. 50: Hypothalamus is connected to the posterior pituitary by ?
A) Hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal veins
B) Axon of Nerve cells
C) Both
D) None of these
EXPLANATION: Hypothalamus is connected to the posterior pituitary by axon of Nerve cells.
Q. 51: Which of the following hormones secreted from hypothalamus and control of the anterior pituitary ?
A) GHRH, GHIH, PRH, PIH
B) GnRH, CRH, TRH
C) MSHRH and MSHIH
D) ALL OF THESE
EXPLANATION: All of these hormones secreted from hypothalamus and control of the anterior pituitary.
Q. 52: Which of the following hormones secreted from hypothalamus and release from posterior pituitary ?
A) GHRH, GHIH, PRH, PIH
B) GnRH, CRH, TRH
C) MSHRH and MSHIH
D) Oxytocin and ADH
EXPLANATION: Oxytocin and ADH are secreted from hypothalamus and release from posterior pituitary.
Q. 53: Which of the following gland is the smallest endocrine gland ?
A) Adrenal glands
B) Thyroid gland
C) Pituitary gland
D) Parathyroid glands
EXPLANATION: Pituitary gland is the smallest endocrine gland (about 1-1.5 cm in diameter and 0.5 - 1 gram in weight).
Q. 54: Which of the following options is correct about Homeostasis ?
A) Gr. Homoios+stasis= Same+standing
B) Walter B. Cannon (1932)
C) Self-regulating process
D) All of above
EXPLANATION: All of above options are correct about Homeostasis.
Q. 55: The study about endocrine system is called as ?
A) Endocrine
B) Endocrinology
C) Immunology
D) All of these
EXPLANATION: The study about endocrine system is called as Endocrinology.
Q. 56: Who is called the "Father of Endocrinology" ?
A) Thomas Edision - Down syndrome 1855
B) Thomas Edision - Addison's disease 1855
C) Jean Dujardin
D) All of these
EXPLANATION: Thomas Edision is called the "Father of Endocrinology" because he discovered in 1855 a disease now as "Addison's disease".
Q. 57: Which of the following endocrine gland is called "Master gland" ?
A) Hypothalamus
B) Thyroid gland
C) Pituitary gland
D) Pancreas
EXPLANATION: Pituitary gland is called the "Master gland".
Q. 58: Which of the following gland is the largest endocrine gland ?
A) Adrenal glands
B) Thyroid gland
C) Pituitary gland
D) Liver
EXPLANATION: Thyroid gland is the largest endocrine gland.
Q. 59: Which of the following option is incorrect about Hormones ?
A) Its are chemical messengers.
B) Secreted from ductless glands
C) Secreted from ductness glands
D) Insulin is a protein hormone.
EXPLANATION: Enzymes are secreted from ductness glands.
Q. 60: How many types of hormone ?
A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
EXPLANATION: Four types of hormone: Protein Hormones, Steroid Hormones, Hormones derived from amino acid, Eicosanoids Hormones.
Q. 61: Which of the following is not protein hormone ?
A) Insulin
B) Somatotropin, Parathormone
C) Estrogen
D) GHRH, GHIH, PRH, TRH, MSHRH, etc.
EXPLANATION: Estrogen is steroid hormone.
Q. 62: Which of the following is not steroid hormone ?
A) Mineralocorticoids, Estrogens
B) Glucocorticoids
C) Serotonin and Melatonin
D) Testosterone
EXPLANATION: Serotonin and Melatonin are hormones derived from amino acid.
Q. 63: How many parts of pituitary gland ?
A) One
B) Four
C) Three
D) Two
EXPLANATION: The pituitary gland divide into three parts: Adenohypophysis, Pars intermedia, Neurohypophysis.
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