Cell: The Foundation of Living Organisms (MCQS)
Every living creature on Earth, from the simplest bacteria to the most complex human being, begins with a single, microscopic building block: The Cell. Often referred to as the "structural and functional unit of life," the cell is a miniature universe of its own, performing thousands of chemical reactions every second to keep an organism alive and thriving.
Whether you are a medical student, an aspiring scientist, or preparing for competitive government exams, understanding Cell Biology (Cytology) is crucial. It is not just about memorizing names like Mitochondria or Ribosomes; it is about understanding how life itself is organized at the most fundamental level.
In this comprehensive guide, we have compiled a set of high-yield Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) that cover everything from the discovery of the nucleus by Robert Brown to the modern "Fluid Mosaic Model." Each question is paired with a clear explanation to help you refine your concepts and improve your exam performance.
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Q. 1: What is the main structural and functional unit of living organism? (सजीवों की मुख्य संरचनात्मक और कार्यात्मक इकाई क्या है?)
A) Body (शरीर)
B) Tissue (ऊतक)
C) Organells (कोशिकांग)
D) Cell (कोशिका)
EXPLANATION: The main structural and functional unit of living organism are cells.
Q. 2: How many types of cells? (कोशिकाएं कितने प्रकार की होती हैं?)
A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
EXPLANATION: There are two types of cells: Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells.
Q. 3: Which of the following discovered to the cell? (निम्न में से किसने कोशिका की खोज की थी?)
A) Robert Brown (1831)
B) Robert Hooke (1661)
C) Robert Brown (1665)
D) Robert Hooke (1665)
EXPLANATION: In 1665, Robert Hooke discovered to the cell.
Q. 4: Which of the following discovered to the nucleus? (निम्न में से किसने केंद्रक की खोज की थी?)
A) Robert Brown (1731)
B) Robert Hooke (1661)
C) Robert Brown (1831)
D) Robert Hooke (1665)
EXPLANATION: In 1831, Robert Brown discovered to the nucleus.
Q. 5: How many types of organells found into cell? (कोशिका में कितने प्रकार के कोशिकांग पाए जाते हैं?)
A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
EXPLANATION: There are two types of organells found into cell: Membrane bound and Non-membrane bound organells.
Q. 6: Which of the following, a example of Non-membrane bound organells? (निम्न में से कौन सा बिना झिल्ली वाले कोशिकांग का उदाहरण है?)
A) Nucleus and Mitochondria
B) Endoplasmic reticulum and Plastids
C) Ribosomes and Nucleolus
D) Golgi apparatus and Vacuoles
EXPLANATION: Ribosomes and Nucleolus are an example of Non-membrane bound organells.
Q. 7: Which of the following, a example of Membrane bound organells? (निम्न में से कौन सा झिल्ली युक्त कोशिकांग का उदाहरण है?)
A) Nucleosome and Cytoskeleton
B) Lysome and Microbodie/Peroxisome
C) Microtubules and Proteasome
D) Centrosome
EXPLANATION: Lysosomes and Microbodies or Peroxisomes are an example of Membrane bound organells.
Q. 8: Which of the following, not a example of inclusion bodies? (निम्न में से कौन सा इंक्लूजन बॉडीज का उदाहरण नहीं है?)
A) Phosphate granules and Gas vacuoles
B) Microbodies
C) Cyanophycean granules
D) Glycogen granules
EXPLANATION: Microbodies or Peroxisomes are an example of Membrane bound organells, not inclusion bodies.
Q. 9: Mainly how many parts of cells? (कोशिका के मुख्य रूप से कितने भाग होते हैं?)
A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
EXPLANATION: The cells have three parts: Cell membrane, Cytoplasm and Nucleus.
Q. 10: Which of the following option is correct about cell size? (कोशिका के आकार के बारे में कौन सा विकल्प सही है?)
A) Smallest: Mycoplasma (0.3 µm)
B) Largest: Ostrich egg (15-18 cm)
C) Longest cells: Nerve cells
D) All of these (उपरोक्त सभी)
EXPLANATION: All of these options are correct about cell size.
Q. 11: The diameter of human RBC is? (मानव लाल रक्त कोशिका का व्यास कितना होता है?)
A) 0.3 µm
B) 3 µm
C) 7.0 µm
D) 1.0 mm
EXPLANATION: The diameter of human RBC is 7.0 µm.
Q. 12: Which of the following organells found into both type of cells? (निम्न में से कौन सा कोशिकांग दोनों प्रकार की कोशिकाओं में पाया जाता है?)
A) Ribosomes
B) Golgi apparatus
C) Mitochondria
D) Lysomes
EXPLANATION: The ribosomes found into both type of cells (prokaryotic and eukaryotic).
Q. 13: Which of the following, not present cell wall in prokaryot? (निम्न में से किस प्रोकैरियोट में कोशिका भित्ति नहीं होती है?)
A) Bacteria
B) PPLO
C) Mycoplasma
D) Blue-green algae
EXPLANATION: Except mycoplasma; all prokaryotes have cell wall.
Q. 14: Which of the following define to "Omnis cellula-e cellula" cell principle? ("Omnis cellula-e cellula" का सिद्धांत किसने दिया था?)
A) Keith R. Porter (1945)
B) Palade (1955)
C) Robert Hooke (1665)
D) Rudolf virchow (1855)
EXPLANATION: Rudolf virchow (1855) first explain to "Omnis cellula-e cellula" refers that cells divided and new cells are formed from pre-existing cells.
Q. 15: Which of the following proposed "Fluid mosaic model" of plasma membrane? (प्लाज्मा झिल्ली का "फ्लुइड मोजेक मॉडल" किसने प्रस्तावित किया था?)
A) Singer and Nicolson (1972)
B) Palade (1955)
C) Robert Hooke (1665)
D) Rudolf virchow (1855)
EXPLANATION: By Singer and Nicolson (1972), proposed "Fluid mosaic model" of plasma membrane.
Q. 16: Which of the following are not considered as part of the endomembrane system? (निम्न में से किसे एंडोमेम्ब्रेन सिस्टम का हिस्सा नहीं माना जाता है?)
A) Mitochondria and Chloroplast
B) Peroxisomes
C) BOTH (A और B दोनों)
D) None of these
EXPLANATION: The endomembrane system include Endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complex, Lysosomes and Vacuoles.
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