Blood Pressure (BP) Monitoring and Management

BP Monitoring and Management  Blood pressure (BP) monitoring is a fundamental clinical skill in medicine. It helps assess cardiovascular health, diagnose hypertension or hypotension, and guide treatment decisions.  This detailed guide covers all aspects of BP monitoring, including principles, techniques, interpretation, and clinical significance, tailored for medical students preparing for exams. Introduction to Blood Pressure Definition: Blood pressure is the lateral pressure exerted by circulating blood on the walls of arteries. Normal BP: 120/80 mmHg (Systolic/Diastolic) Components: Systolic BP (SBP): Pressure during ventricular contraction. Diastolic BP (DBP): Pressure during ventricular relaxation. Pulse Pressure (PP): Difference between SBP and DBP (Normal: 30-40 mmHg). Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP): Average BP during one cardiac cycle, calculated as 𝑀𝐴𝑃 = 𝐷𝐵𝑃 + 1/3 (𝑆BP−𝐷𝐵𝑃) Physiology of BP Regulation Neural Control: Baroreceptors in the carotid sinus and aortic arch regulate BP v…