Scleritis: Types, Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment

Scleritis: Scleral  Inflammation Definition Scleritis refers to the inflammation of the sclera, which is the dense connective tissue forming the structural support of the eye. The condition can affect vision and is often associated with systemic autoimmune diseases. Types of Scleritis 1. Anterior Scleritis : Diffuse Anterior Scleritis : Widespread inflammation with a better prognosis. Nodular Anterior Scleritis : Localized inflammation forming nodules. Necrotizing Anterior Scleritis : Severe, painful, and potentially sight-threatening. 2. Posterior Scleritis : Affects the back portion of the sclera and may mimic orbital or retinal conditions, making diagnosis challenging. Causes Autoimmune Diseases : Rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), granulomatosis with polyangiitis, relapsing polychondritis. Infectious Causes : Bacterial (e.g., tuberculosis, syphilis), viral (e.g., herpes simplex, herpes zoster), fungal (e.g., aspergillosis). Trauma : Physical or chemical injuries. Idiopathic : No i…