Diseases of the Lacrimal Apparatus - Notes

Diseases of the Lacrimal Apparatus The lacrimal apparatus includes the lacrimal glands, puncta, canaliculi, lacrimal sac, and nasolacrimal duct. Its primary function is to produce, distribute, and drain tears. Disorders of the lacrimal apparatus can lead to discomfort, infections, and visual disturbances. Below is a detailed explanation of key lacrimal diseases for ophthalmology and optometry students. 1. Dacryocystitis Definition: Dacryocystitis is the inflammation or infection of the lacrimal sac, usually due to obstruction of the nasolacrimal duct. Causes: Congenital:  Developmental anomalies causing nasolacrimal duct obstruction. Acquired: Primary: Idiopathic stenosis of the duct. Secondary: Trauma, nasal polyps, infections, or tumors compressing the duct. Signs and Symptoms (s/s): Pain, swelling, and redness over the medial canthus. Epiphora (excessive tearing). Mucopurulent discharge on pressure over the lacrimal sac area. Fever in acute cases. Investigations: Dye disappearance test:  Evaluates t…